Which hormones are secreted by the pancreas? Explain their functions.

The pancreas is a crucial organ in both the digestive and endocrine systems. It plays a significant role in regulating blood glucose levels and aiding digestion. The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions, with its endocrine functions being primarily related to hormone secretion. The hormones secreted by the pancreas include insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide, each with distinct roles in maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Insulin is the most well-known hormone secreted by the pancreas. It is produced and released by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in response to elevated blood glucose levels, typically after eating. Insulin helps lower blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into the cells, particularly in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. In the liver, insulin promotes the conversion ____ ____ _____ _________ _______ _______ ____ _____ ______ ________.
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