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B.R. Ambedkar, one of the chief architects of the Indian Constitution, was a profound thinker and social reformer whose critique of parliamentary democracy was deeply rooted in the realities of Indian society. He viewed parliamentary democracy not just as a political system but as a framework that needed to be evaluated in terms of its ability to ensure social justice, equality, and effective governance. Ambedkar’s critique was informed by his understanding of the limitations of democracy in a society structured by rigid hierarchies, deep social inequalities, and the dominance of certain groups over others. He recognized that democracy, if left unchecked or purely procedural, could fail to achieve its foundational goals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Ambedkar acknowledged the theoretical appeal of parliamentary democracy as a form of governance that allows representation, debate, and accountability. However, he warned that in practice, democracy could be manipulated by dominant social and economic groups to maintain their power. In India, the caste system and entrenched social hierarchies posed a major challenge to the democratic ideal. Ambedkar argued that simply establishing a parliamentary framework would not automatically guarantee equality or justice. For instance, he was concerned that elected representatives, drawn from dominant castes, might legislate in ways that perpetuate social exclusion and discrimination against marginalized communities, particularly the Dalits. In this sense, he saw a potential disconnect between the formal procedures of democracy and its ____ ___ __________ _________ ___.
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