What is tunneling? Explain different methods of tunneling in brief.

Tunneling in the construction industry refers to the process of creating an underground passage beneath the earth's surface. It is a critical aspect of infrastructure development, used for transportation, utilities, mining, and other purposes. Tunneling involves various methods, each suited to different geological conditions and project requirements. Below are brief explanations of some common tunneling methods:

1. Conventional/Hand Mining: This method involves manual excavation using hand tools like shovels, picks, and pneumatic drills. It's suitable for soft soils and smaller tunnels. ___ ________ __________ __________ _____ __________ _________ __________ ________ _________ ____ _________.
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