What is the role of cryolite in the electrochemical reduction of alumina during the preparation of aluminium? Why the graphite anodes in this process have to be replaced from time to time?

Cryolite plays a crucial role in the electrochemical reduction of alumina (aluminum oxide, Al2O3) during the preparation of aluminum through the Hall-Héroult process. The Hall-Héroult process is the primary method for the extraction of aluminum on an industrial scale. In this process, alumina is dissolved in molten cryolite, a sodium aluminum fluoride mineral (Na3AlF6), which serves as ____ _______ _____ _________ ___ _______ ___ ____ ___.
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