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The Born-Oppenheimer approximation is a fundamental concept in quantum chemistry used to simplify the molecular Schrödinger equation. It is based on the fact that atomic nuclei are much heavier than electrons and therefore move much more slowly. Consequently, the electronic motion can be treated separately from nuclear motion. In this approximation, the nuclear positions are considered fixed while _________ _____ ___ ________ _____ __________ ________ _______ _______ ___ ______ _______.
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