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Social security refers to the organized and systematic measures designed by the state, organizations, or society to provide protection and support to individuals and groups against economic and social risks. These risks may arise due to unemployment, old age, sickness, disability, maternity, or other circumstances that threaten an individual’s standard of living. Social security, therefore, is a means to ensure social justice and economic stability, and it is deeply intertwined with the principles of professional social work, which seeks to promote human welfare, dignity, and well-being through structured interventions and policy advocacy. In India, social security forms a critical component of the welfare system, reflecting the state’s commitment to protecting its citizens from vulnerabilities and inequities in a rapidly evolving socio-economic context. The concept of social security is multidimensional, encompassing both formal and informal mechanisms. Formal social security includes statutory provisions, schemes, and institutional arrangements managed by the government, such as the Employees’ Provident Fund, Employee State Insurance, National Pension System, and social insurance programs. Informal social security comprises community-based support systems, family networks, and voluntary charitable activities that help individuals cope with contingencies. Social workers play a vital role in both spheres, as they advocate for policies, educate communities about their entitlements, facilitate access to benefits, and empower individuals to participate actively in securing their own welfare. The linkage between professional social work and social security is thus significant, as the profession emphasizes ethical responsibility, equity, and empowerment as core values. Several key characteristics define social security, making it a vital instrument for social protection. Firstly, it is universal in its objective of providing coverage against life’s uncertainties. While the coverage may _____ ______ _________ ________ ______ _________ ________ ______ ________ _________.
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