What is positivism? Discuss Giddens’s critique of positivism

Positivism is a philosophical theory stating that positive knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations. Thus, information derived from sensory experience, interpreted through reason and logic, forms the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge. Positivism holds that valid knowledge (certitude or truth) is found only in this derived knowledge.

Gidden's objection to positivist theory focuses on the reliance on scientific empiricism in studying human society. Gidden's proposed that positivism and its proponents overlooked the subject and object in a given situation embedded in the social framework. In addition, the spiritual aspect of human life seemed to fall by the wayside in a positivist framework. 

He rejected Durkheim's sociological positivism paradigm which attempted to predict how societies operate, ignoring the meanings as understood by individuals.[14] Giddens noted: "Society only has form, and that form only has effects on people, insofar as structure is produced and reproduced in what people do."[15]

Giddens contrasted Durkheim with Weber's approach—interpretative sociology—focused on understanding agency and motives ____ ___ _____ ______ _______ _________ _________ __________ ______.
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