What is polymorphism? What is difference between static binding and dynamic binding? Explain with the help of an example.

Polymorphism in the context of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) refers to the ability of a single entity, such as a method or class, to take on multiple forms. It allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, enabling code to be more flexible, reusable, and extensible. Polymorphism is one of the four fundamental principles of OOP, along with encapsulation, inheritance, and abstraction.

There are two types of polymorphism in Java: compile-time (or static) polymorphism and runtime (or dynamic) polymorphism.

1. Static Binding (Compile-Time Polymorphism):
   Static binding occurs at compile time and is also known as early binding. In this type of polymorphism, the method that needs to be executed is determined during the compile-time based on the method signature. It is associated with method overloading, where multiple methods with the same name exist in the same class, but with different parameter lists.

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