What is perception? Explian Nyaya's theory of perception.

Perception is one of the primary sources of knowledge in Indian philosophy, and different schools have developed their own theories regarding its nature, validity, and process. In Indian philosophy, perception is commonly referred to as Pratyakṣa, which is considered the direct and immediate means of acquiring knowledge. It is regarded as the most fundamental and reliable pramāṇa (means of valid knowledge) since it does not rely on inference, verbal testimony, or comparison. Among the various schools of Indian thought, the Nyāya school provides one of the most systematic and detailed accounts of perception.

### Definition of Perception in Nyāya Philosophy
The Nyāya school, founded by Gautama (also known as Akṣapāda), defines perception as "avyapadeśyam avyabhicāri jñānam pratyakṣam", which means "nonverbal, non-deviating cognition produced by the contact of the senses with objects." This definition implies that perception is direct and free from error at its purest level. 

According to Nyāya, perception involves the following essential components:
1. Sense-Object Contact (*Indriya-Artha-Sannikarṣa*): The first step in perception occurs when one of the five sense organs comes into contact with an external object.
2. Immediate Cognition: The knowledge obtained must be direct and not derived through inference or verbal testimony.
3. Truthfulness (*Avyabhicāri*): The knowledge gained must correspond to the actual nature of the object.
4. Non-Verbal Nature in Its Initial Form (*Avyapadeśya*): __________ ___ _____ _____ _______ _________ ________ ___.
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