What is overlay analysis? Discuss in detail different methods of overlay analysis.

Overlay analysis is a fundamental concept in spatial analysis and modeling, used to integrate multiple layers of geographic information to derive new insights or make informed decisions. It involves combining different spatial datasets, typically represented as raster or vector layers, to identify areas where features or attributes intersect, overlap, or coincide. This process enables analysts to analyze relationships between various geographic phenomena and create new layers that represent the combined characteristics of the original datasets. 

There are several methods of overlay analysis, each with its own strengths, weaknesses, and suitable applications. Here, we'll discuss some of the most common methods:

1. Boolean Overlay:
   Boolean overlay is the simplest form of overlay analysis, where logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT are used to combine layers based on their spatial relationships. 
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