What is nuclear fission? Describe controlled and spontaneous nuclear fission processes.

Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts, usually two smaller nuclei, along with the release of a significant amount of energy. This process occurs when a heavy nucleus, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239, absorbs a neutron, becomes unstable, and then splits. The fission process releases a large quantity of energy in the form of kinetic energy of the fission fragments, radiation, and energy in the form of neutrons. This energy can be harnessed in nuclear reactors for the generation of electricity, making nuclear fission an essential component of nuclear power generation systems.

Nuclear fission can occur in two types of processes: spontaneous fission and controlled fission. Both processes are governed by the principles of nuclear physics but differ significantly in their conditions and applications.

Spontaneous Nuclear Fission:
Spontaneous fission refers to the natural, random splitting of a heavy nucleus without any external trigger such as neutron bombardment. In spontaneous fission, the nucleus of a heavy isotope like uranium-238 or ________ ___ _________ ___ ______ _________ ________ ________ __________.
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