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Livelihood refers to the means, activities, and resources that people utilize to secure the necessities of life such as food, shelter, clothing, healthcare, and education. It encompasses the capabilities, assets, and strategies that individuals, households, and communities employ to make a living and sustain their well-being. In the broader sense, livelihood goes beyond mere income generation; it involves access to resources, social networks, opportunities, and resilience to shocks and stresses. When discussed in the framework of sustainable development and smart cities, livelihood becomes a central concern, as it connects economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability. Ensuring sustainable livelihoods is key to improving the quality of life for urban and rural populations while safeguarding ecological balance and promoting inclusive urbanization. Livelihood profiles provide a systematic understanding of the ways in which people sustain themselves and the diverse strategies adopted by different groups. These profiles describe the sources of income, types of employment, access to resources, and challenges faced by households in both rural and urban contexts. They also highlight disparities between various social and economic groups, providing insights into inequality, vulnerability, and resilience. In the case of smart cities, livelihood profiles help in designing policies that create opportunities for all sections of society, including marginalized and vulnerable groups, through improved infrastructure, digital connectivity, and sustainable economic systems. A livelihood profile generally covers three interrelated aspects: resources, strategies, and outcomes. Resources consist of physical, natural, financial, social, and human capital available to individuals. Strategies are the diverse combinations of activities that households adopt to generate income and ensure survival. Outcomes are the results of these strategies, such as levels of income, food security, education, health, and social well-being. Together, these aspects provide a comprehensive picture of how people make a living, how resilient they are to risks, and what opportunities exist for sustainable improvement. One key feature of livelihood profiles is the classification of economic activities across different sectors. In rural areas, agriculture, livestock, forestry, and ______ _______ _______ __________ ___.
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