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Environmental policy refers to the framework of laws, regulations, strategies, and actions formulated by governments and institutions to protect, manage, and improve the natural environment while balancing developmental needs. It serves as a guiding principle for addressing environmental challenges such as pollution, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and climate change. The aim of environmental policy is to ensure sustainable development by integrating ecological considerations into economic planning and social progress. By providing rules, norms, and guidelines, environmental policy ensures the responsible use of natural resources, prevention of environmental degradation, and promotion of ecological balance for present and future generations. In India, environmental policy has evolved gradually, shaped by the nation’s growing developmental pressures, ecological challenges, and international commitments. After independence, development was prioritized, but environmental concerns soon became apparent due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population growth. The Stockholm Conference of 1972 was a major turning point, as it led to India establishing the National Committee on Environmental Planning and Coordination in 1972, the precursor to more structured environmental governance. Following this, constitutional provisions such as Article 48A and Article 51A(g) emphasized state and citizen responsibility in environmental protection. This laid the foundation for later comprehensive policy frameworks. The National Environmental ____ ___ ____ _____ _________ __________ __________ ___ __________ __________.
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