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# Emergency Management and Its Four Phases Emergency management is a systematic process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures to protect life, property, infrastructure and the environment from disasters and emergencies. It involves actions taken before, during and after an emergency to reduce risks, minimize losses, ensure effective response and facilitate recovery. Emergencies may arise from natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, droughts and landslides, or from human-induced events such as industrial accidents, fires, chemical leaks, terrorist attacks and transport accidents. Effective emergency management requires the coordinated efforts of government agencies, emergency services, local communities, non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders. Emergency management is generally understood through four interconnected phases: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. These phases form a continuous cycle because lessons learned from one emergency help improve planning and risk reduction for future emergencies. The first phase is mitigation. Mitigation refers ______ _________ _______ ____ ____ _________ _____.
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