What is electromigration? What are the techniques included in it? 

Electromigration is a phenomenon that occurs in metallic conductors due to the motion of atoms caused by the flow of electric current. When a current flows through a metal conductor, the electrons collide with the metal atoms, which in turn transfer momentum to adjacent atoms. This momentum transfer can cause atoms to move from their original positions, leading to the formation of ______ _________ _____ ______ ________ ________ ______ _____ _________ _____.
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