What is contingency table? What is its use in epidemiological studies?
A contingency table (also known as a cross tabulation or crosstab) is a type of table in a matrix format that displays the (multivariate) frequency distribution of the variables. They are heavily used in survey research, business intelligence, engineering, and scientific research. They provide __________ __________ ________ ________ ___ ____ _____ ________ _______ __________.
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Proximity error
What are the various types of graphs commonly used for representing frequency distribution? How are they different from each other?
Briefly explain any two scales of data measurement.
Placebo
Degree of freedom
A child psychologist believes that children perform better on tests when they are given perceived freedom of choice. To test this belief, the psychologist carried out an experiment in which 200 third graders were randomly assigned to two groups; A and B. Each child was given the freedom to choose a text booklet from many with various drawings on the covers. The performance of each child was rated as very good, good and fair. The results are summarized in table provided. Test using chi-square whether there is sufficient evidence in the data to support the psychologist’s belief:
Following data gives the relationship of lung cancer and exposure to cigarette smoke in obese and non-obese patients. Consider the data and solve the following:
i) Define Relative Risk (RR) and Odds Ratio (OR).
ii) Calculate the relative risk of diseased patients with respect to exposure of cigarette smoke in non obese and obese patients individually.
iii) Calculate the odds of “Not diseased” patients with respect to exposure of cigarette smoke in obese and non-obese patients individually.