What is case control study? What is a Cohort study? Differentiate between the two.

Case-Control Study:

A case-control study is a type of observational research design commonly used in epidemiology to investigate the causes and risk factors of a specific outcome or disease. In this type of study, researchers start with individuals who already have the condition of interest (cases) and compare them to a group of individuals without the condition (controls). By examining and comparing the past exposures or characteristics of cases and controls, researchers can identify potential risk factors associated with the outcome under investigation.

Key features of a case-control study include:

1. Selection of Cases: Researchers first identify and recruit individuals who have the disease or outcome of interest. These individuals are considered cases. Cases are selected from a defined population, such as a group of patients at a hospital or within a specific geographic area.

2. Selection of Controls: Researchers then select a group of individuals without the disease or outcome (controls) from the same population as the cases. The controls should be similar to the cases in terms of characteristics like age, gender, and other relevant factors.

3. Data Collection: Researchers collect data from both cases and controls about their _____ __________ ______ ______ _____ __________ ____ __________ _____ _____.
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