What is art therapy? Describe the steps in art therapy.

Art therapy is a modality emerged from the interacting of art, creativity and psychotherapy. It uses art media to express internal images, feelings, thoughts and sensations in a concrete form. It provides the opportunity for non verbal expression and communication, which can assist in improving the client’s functional abilities and resolving emotional issues. The use of art as therapy implies that the creative process can be a means both of reconciling emotional conflicts and of fostering self awareness and personal growth.

The use of art can be traced all throughout history, from prehistoric eras to the present, but art therapy first received significant attention due to the theories of Freud and Jung (Wadeson, 1980). These psychologists believed in the importance of symbolism, which is very prominent in art forms.

Art therapy has continued to evolve and became a recognised profession in the 1960’s. According to Wadeson (1980), “the creation of the American Journal of Art Therapy and the establishment of the American Art Therapy Association” were responsible for art therapy’s rise to a recognised profession and therapeutic intervention.

Art therapy is based on the idea that the creative process of art making is healing and life enhancing and is a form of nonverbal communication of thoughts and feelings (American Art Therapy Association, 1996). It is the therapeutic use of art making, within a professional relationship, by people who experience illness, trauma, or challenges in living, and by people who seek personal development.

Through creating art and reflecting on the art products and processes, people can increase awareness of self and others, cope with symptoms, stress, and traumatic experiences; enhance cognitive abilities; and enjoy the life affirming pleasures of making art. It is used to encourage personal growth, increase self understanding, and to assist in emotional reparation and has been employed in a variety of settings with children, adults, families and groups.

It is a modality that can help individuals of all ages create meaning and achieve insight, find relief from overwhelming emotions, resolve conflict and problems, enrich daily life and achieve an increased sense of well-being (Malchiodi, 1998).

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