What is an operating system? Discuss any two functions of an operating system

An operating system (OS) is a crucial software component that manages a computer's hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. Essentially, it acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the applications running on it. Operating systems come in various forms, such as Windows, macOS, Linux, and Unix, each with its own features and functionalities. Here, we'll delve into two fundamental functions of an operating system.

1. Memory Management:
   One of the primary functions of an operating system is memory management. Computers have different types of memory, including Random Access Memory (RAM) and secondary storage like hard drives or SSDs. The OS is responsible for managing these memory resources efficiently to ensure that each running program has adequate space to execute smoothly.

   Memory Allocation: When a program is launched, the operating system allocates the required memory space for its execution. This involves assigning memory addresses to different parts of the program, including variables, instructions, and data structures. The OS ensures that each program receives the necessary memory without encroaching on the space __________ __________ _____ __________ ______.
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