What is adiabatic demagnetization? Explain the variation of entropy of a paramagnetic salt with temperature and magnetic field.
Adiabatic demagnetization is a process used to achieve extremely low temperatures by exploiting the entropy change associated with the alignment of magnetic moments in a paramagnetic substance.
When a paramagnetic substance is placed in a magnetic field, its magnetic moments tend to align with the field. This alignment decreases the entropy of the substance, as the number of available microstates (ways the particles can arrange themselves) reduces due ________ ________ _________ _______ ____ _______ __________.
____ _______ _________ _________ __________ __________ _____.
___ ___ ________ _______ _______.
_________ ___ ______ _________ _____ __________ _________ _______.
__________ ____ _____ _______ ____ ____ _________ __________ _________ _________.
__________ ______ __________ _________ _____ ______.
___ _________ __________ _______ ______ _____ ________ ________ _________ __________ ______ _________.
________ _____ _____ ______ ______ __________ _______ _____.
__________ _____ _____ _________ _______ ________ ________ ___.
_____ _______ _______ ____ __________ ______ _____ ___ __________ ______ ________.
__________ _________ _______ _________ ___ _________ ___.
_______ __________ _______ ____ _________ ____ ____ ______ ________ ________ _______ ____.
__________ ______ ____ _______ _____ _____ ___ _________ _________ ____ __________.
________ ______ ______ ___ _____ ____ ______ ______ ______ _________ ________ __________.
______ _____ _____ ______ _________ ______ ________ __________.
__________ ________ _____ __________ __________ ______ ____ ____ _______ ___ _____ ______.
__________ _____ _____ ____ _______ _________ ________.
_________ _____ _________ ____ ___ _____ ____ ____ _________ ______ _________ ____.
______ _________ _________ ______ ___.
__________ ________ _______ ___ ___ ______ _______ _________ ______ _______.
__________ _________ ________ __________ __________ ___ _________ ______ _______ ________ ___ __________.
___ ________ ________ ______ ___ __________ _______ ______ _______ _____ ____ ________.
_______ __________ _______ ____ ____.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp
i) Intensive and Extensive variables,
ii) Quasistatic process,
iii) Isochoric process
iv) Adiabatic boundary,
v) Irreversible process
b) Prove that for a PVT system:
where = isobaric coefficient of volume expansion,
r = isothermal compressibility.
c) A resistor initially at 300 K has a heat capacity of 10 J K-1 . It is thermally insulated from its surrounding and is connected to a battery from which it takes 1200 J through an electric current. Calculate the change in entropy of (i) the resistor, (ii) the surroundings.
d) Calculate the work done during an adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas from volume Vi to Vf .
e) One gram mole of a monoatomic perfect gas at 27°C is adiabatically compressed from an initial pressure of 1 atm to final pressure of 50 atm. Calculate the resulting final temperature.
Using the Maxwell’s relations, obtain the energy equations.
What is a Gibbs paradox? How can it be resolved?
What is adiabatic demagnetization? Explain the variation of entropy of a paramagnetic salt with temperature and magnetic field.
Derive an expression for Planck’s law of black body radiation. Use this law to obtain Wien’s displacement law and Stefan’s law.
Calculate the probability that the speed of a chlorine molecule will lie between 200 m s−1 and 220 m s-1 at 300 K. Given that mass of chlorine molecule = 70u, kB = 1.38 × 10-23 JK-1 and NA = 6.02 × 1026 kmol-1 .
For a given gas the coefficient of viscosity is 1.9 × 10-5 N s m-2 and the diffusion coefficient is 1.2 × 10-5 m2s -1 . Calculate the density and mean free path at average molecular velocity of 380 m s-1 .