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B.R. Ambedkar’s understanding of caste as a division of labourers is deeply rooted in his critical analysis of Indian society, particularly in terms of its social, economic, and occupational structure. According to Ambedkar, the caste system is not merely a set of social distinctions based on ritualistic hierarchies or religious prescriptions, but it is essentially a system that organizes society by assigning specific occupations and duties to different groups. This perspective situates caste primarily as an economic and functional institution, rather than a purely cultural or religious phenomenon. Ambedkar argued that the origins of caste are closely linked to the division of labour, where every caste is associated with a particular occupation. This division is not accidental; it is systematically enforced and maintained through social norms and religious sanction. In this sense, caste functions as a mechanism to regulate economic activity and ensure that all necessary roles within society are filled. For instance, certain castes were traditionally assigned the role of farmers, while others were artisans, traders, or priests. This division, Ambedkar noted, was rigid and hereditary, meaning that an individual’s occupation was predetermined by birth and could not be changed. The hereditary nature of these occupational roles ensured a stable but highly unequal economic structure. However, Ambedkar was critical of this system because it was not based on efficiency or skill but on social hierarchy and religious sanction. While a division of labour in an abstract economic sense can be beneficial for society by allowing specialization and improving productivity, the caste-based division of labour in India was fundamentally unjust and discriminatory. It restricted people’s economic opportunities and perpetuated inequality, preventing individuals from choosing their work according to their talents ____ _______ __________ ________ ___ ___ _________ ___ ___ ______ __________.
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