What do you understand by the term 'Nehruvian Consensus'? Explain.

The term 'Nehruvian Consensus' refers to the set of policies and ideologies associated with Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, that shaped the country's political, economic, and social framework post-independence. This consensus encompasses a broad range of domestic and foreign policies which Nehru and his colleagues in the Indian National Congress (INC) believed would guide India towards progress, stability, and modernization. The Nehruvian Consensus, thus, can be understood as the broad agreement or approach that emerged from Nehru's vision and leadership, which dominated Indian politics for several decades after independence.

Nehruvian Consensus is often associated with the ideology of socialism, secularism, and a strong centralized state. These principles were deeply influenced by Nehru’s belief in the importance of modernizing India through state-driven development and creating a secular, pluralistic society that was free from the shackles of colonialism. These principles were reflected in the country’s policies and decisions on economic planning, governance, and foreign affairs.

One of the most prominent elements of the Nehruvian Consensus was the emphasis on economic planning and state-led development. Nehru believed that India, with its vast population and resource constraints, needed a strong and strategic economic framework to achieve development. This led to the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950, which formulated five-year plans for the development of the economy. Under Nehru’s leadership, India adopted a mixed economy model, where the government played a significant role in key sectors like heavy industry, defense, and infrastructure, while also promoting private sector involvement. The state’s role in controlling key sectors and directing economic growth was seen as essential to achieving self-reliance and reducing dependence on foreign powers.

Nehru’s economic policies also focused on the promotion of industrialization and modernization of agriculture. He saw industrialization as a necessary means of building a strong and self-sufficient economy. The establishment of large public _______ __________ ____ ____ ____ ______ _____ __________ ______.
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