What do you understand by ortho and para-directing activator? Explain with the help of a suitable example.

Ortho and para-directing activators are concepts in organic chemistry, specifically in the context of aromatic substitution reactions. These activators influence the orientation of incoming electrophiles in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Aromatic compounds, characterized ______ ___ _____ _____ ________ _________ ____ ___ _______ _____ _________ ______.
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