What do you understand by Judicial Review? What is its importance in the protection of Human Rights?

Judicial review is the power of the judiciary to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders of the government. In the Indian context, judicial review is a fundamental feature of the Constitution, allowing courts to ensure that the law of the land conforms to the Constitution of India. It empowers the judiciary, particularly the higher courts like the Supreme Court and High Courts, to invalidate any law or executive action that violates constitutional provisions. Judicial review acts as a mechanism for upholding the supremacy of the Constitution, ensuring that neither the legislature nor the executive oversteps its bounds.

The concept of judicial review in India has its roots in the Constitution itself, notably under Articles 13, 32, 131-136, 143, 226, and 246. Article 13, in particular, declares that any law inconsistent with or in derogation of fundamental rights shall be void. Judicial review was reinforced by landmark cases such as Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), where the Supreme Court asserted that the "basic structure" of the Constitution could not be altered even by a constitutional amendment. Human rights, especially those enshrined in Part III of the Constitution as ____ ______ ___ ________ _______ __________.
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