What are the sub-components of under-nutrition? How are they measured?

Under-nutrition is a multifaceted issue that affects the health and well-being of populations, particularly in developing countries like India. It encompasses several sub-components, each reflecting different aspects of nutritional deficiency and its impact on individuals, especially children. The primary sub-components of under-nutrition include stunting, wasting, underweight, and micronutrient deficiencies. Each of these can be measured using specific indicators and methodologies.

### 1. Stunting

Definition and Measurement:
Stunting refers to a child’s height being significantly below the average for their age, indicating chronic malnutrition. It is measured using height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) derived from growth standards provided by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO). Children whose height-for-age falls below two standard deviations _________ ________ _______ _________ ____ _________.
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