What are the methods of Technology Transfer ?.Discuss

The choice of a technology transfer method should be based on technology analysis, future strategy of cooperation with a company’s supplier, investment resources and technical capacities of the company to implement the technology.

When choosing a transfer method, it is necessary to understand that the more complex is the technology, the closer should the connections be between the buyer and the supplier. As noted earlier, technology transfer doesn’t end with equipment delivery. In itself, equipment doesn’t generate new competences. The real changes in the company’s work can be introduced by transfer of knowledge, skills, and intellectual property rights.

Main technology transfer methods, their strengths and weaknesses:

Licensing

Licensing is an agreement under which the owner of a patent, trademark or other intellectual property gives permission to another company to use the technology developed by him (her), in a certain area during a certain period of time.

There are two main types of licenses: 1) one which grants an exclusive right to use the technology; 2) another with non-exclusive right, which implies that the patent owner may transfer the right to use the technology to other companies in the same area.

Additionally, the licensing agreement could include a sublicensing clause which permits the licensee to grant to someone else the right to use the technology.

The advantage of buying a license/patent is that it has lower costs, compared with other technology transfer methods. However, the purchase of a license requires sufficient knowledge, experience, relevant expertise and manufacturing base for the further in-house technology implementation.

Support Contract

According to this agreement, the technology owner participates in the technology implementation, providing at each stage of the transfer technical support, as well as personnel training.

The involvement of technology developer in the technology transfer process ensures a closer cooperation between two parties which favors a complete transfer of all knowledge and skills related to the technology. In this way, the support contract may be a part of the licensing agreement, in order to improve the transfer efficiency.

 Joint Venture

A joint venture is an agreement concluded between two or more companies in order to execute a particular business. The joint venture implies mutual assets, management, risks, profit sharing, co-production, services and marketing.

Benefits from a joint venture in case of technology transfer are the following: long-term cooperation between the parties, motivation of all participants in the successful transfer, lower costs than if the companies have been working separately.

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