What are the major features of India's foreign policy? Explain.

India’s foreign policy is shaped by a variety of factors, including historical experiences, geopolitical realities, economic considerations, and its aspirations on the global stage. Over the years, India has adopted a foreign policy that emphasizes strategic autonomy, economic growth, and regional stability. The core principles that define India’s foreign policy can be categorized into several major features that have guided its actions in the international arena.

### 1. Non-Alignment and Strategic Autonomy
Historically, India’s foreign policy was greatly influenced by the principle of non-alignment, a policy that was championed by India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, during the Cold War. Non-alignment meant that India would not formally align itself with either of the two global superpowers—the United States or the Soviet Union—during the Cold War. Instead, it sought to maintain independence in its decision-making, refusing to be a part of any military alliance or bloc. This approach aimed to promote peace, cooperation, and the interests of developing countries.

Strategic autonomy has continued to be a key feature of India’s foreign policy, especially in the post-Cold War era. India strives to assert its independent judgment in international affairs, balancing its relations with various global powers like the United States, Russia, and China. While maintaining a close relationship with the U.S. in recent decades, India has not abandoned its relations with Russia, a long-standing ally, demonstrating its commitment to strategic autonomy.

### 2. Promotion of Global Peace and Security
India’s foreign policy has always emphasized global peace and security. As a founding member of the United Nations and a supporter of multilateralism, India has actively contributed to peacekeeping missions and has called for a more equitable international system. India is a staunch advocate for disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation, while also recognizing the need to protect its own national security interests, which led to India’s decision to conduct nuclear tests in 1974 and again in 1998.

India has also focused on the need for reform of global institutions, especially the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). India believes that the UNSC should be restructured to better reflect contemporary global realities, which includes the inclusion of India as a permanent member, given its growing political, economic, and military stature.

### 3. Economic Diplomacy and Development
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