What are the major challenges faced by Fruit & Vegetable sector and Spice sector?

The Fruit & Vegetable sector and the Spice sector, particularly in the context of traditional and rural enterprises, face several persistent challenges that hinder their growth, sustainability, and competitiveness. These challenges span across production, post-harvest management, processing, marketing, and institutional support.

One of the major challenges in both sectors is the lack of modern agricultural practices. Traditional and rural enterprises often rely on outdated farming methods, leading to low productivity and poor-quality produce. Inadequate knowledge about high-yielding varieties, integrated pest management, organic cultivation techniques, and climate-resilient practices significantly affects the output and quality of fruits, vegetables, and spices. Limited access to agricultural extension services and training programs exacerbates this issue.

Post-harvest losses pose another critical problem. Due to inadequate infrastructure such as cold storage, proper grading facilities, and transportation networks, a _______ _______ ___ ____ ___ ______ __________ _______ _____ ___.
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