What are the five competencies which are part of the development of literacy skills during preschool years? Use examples to explain these competencies.

The development of literacy skills during preschool years is a foundational process that sets the stage for academic success and lifelong learning. This developmental period, from birth to around age five, involves the acquisition of critical competencies that collectively build a child’s ability to communicate, read, and write. The five key competencies that support literacy development during these years are oral language development, phonological awareness, print awareness, vocabulary development, and emergent writing. Below, each competency is discussed with examples to illustrate how they contribute to a child’s literacy development.

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### 1. Oral Language Development
Oral language is the foundation of literacy. It involves the ability to understand and use spoken language, including listening, speaking, and engaging in conversations. This competency begins at birth as infants listen to the sounds and patterns of language spoken around them.

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