What are antifoulants? Discuss the harmful effects of TBTO.

Antifoulants are substances used to prevent the growth of unwanted organisms, such as algae, barnacles, and other marine life, on surfaces exposed to water. These surfaces often include ship hulls, underwater structures, and pipes. The primary goal of antifoulants is to reduce the need for regular cleaning and maintenance of these surfaces, which can increase efficiency and reduce fuel consumption, particularly _____ ____ ___ _____ _______ _____ ________ _________ ______ ____ ____.
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