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The characterization of the 18th century in India as a "dark age" has been a subject of historical debate. Traditionally, some colonial historians and early British administrators portrayed this period as a time of political chaos, economic stagnation, and cultural decline following the disintegration of the Mughal Empire. However, modern historiography challenges this one-sided view and presents a more nuanced understanding of the century, highlighting the continuity of regional powers, economic dynamism, and vibrant cultural developments. The perception of the 18th century as a "dark age" largely stems from the political fragmentation following the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. The central authority of the Mughal Empire weakened, leading ___ _________ ________ ________ _____.
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