Trace the history and growth of applied anthropology since 1945 to its present times. 

Since 1945, applied anthropology has experienced significant growth and diversification as a subfield within anthropology. The post-World War II era marked a turning point for applied anthropology, as it began to expand beyond its traditional focus on colonial administration and development projects. Over the years, applied anthropology has evolved to address a wide range of social, cultural, and environmental challenges, becoming an essential tool for addressing complex issues in contemporary society.

In the immediate post-war period, applied anthropology played a crucial role in the reconstruction efforts and nation-building projects. Anthropologists were involved in advising governments on issues related to social and economic development, healthcare, and education. They worked closely with policymakers, providing insights into local cultures and communities to inform effective interventions.

During the 1950s and 1960s, applied anthropology gained recognition as a distinct field of study. Anthropologists began to collaborate with professionals from other disciplines, such as sociology, psychology, and public health, to address social issues. This interdisciplinary approach expanded the scope of applied anthropology and enabled practitioners to tackle complex problems from multiple angles.

In the 1960s and 1970s, applied anthropology experienced a significant shift towards community-based participatory research. Anthropologists recognized the importance of involving communities in the research process and incorporating local knowledge and perspectives. This approach aimed to empower communities, promote self-determination, and address social inequalities. It laid the foundation for a more collaborative and inclusive approach to applied anthropology.

During the same period, applied anthropology also began to engage with issues related to social justice, human rights, and cultural preservation. Anthropologists worked with marginalized communities, indigenous groups, and ethnic minorities to advocate for their rights, protect their cultural heritage, and address the impacts of development projects on their lives.

The 1980s and 1990s saw further diversification of applied anthropology. Anthropologists started applying their expertise to areas such as environmental conservation, sustainable development, and international aid programs. They worked with environmental organizations, government agencies, and indigenous communities to address ecological challenges and promote sustainable resource management _______ ________ ___ ________ ______ __________ _____.
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