Question

Till 17th Contrary India was the largest GDP contributor worldwide. Give an account of reasons for disruption of the traditional Indian economy during British period.

21 Dec 2024
Answer :
Word Count : 850

During the British colonial period, the Indian economy underwent significant disruptions that led to the decline of its traditional economic structure, causing a shift from one of the largest contributors to global GDP to a weakened economy. Several factors contributed to this disruption, encompassing various sectors like agriculture, industry, and trade, which collectively undermined India’s economic stability and prosperity.

1. Deindustrialization: One of the major consequences of British rule was the deindustrialization of India. Before the British arrived, India was known for its thriving textile industry, particularly in regions like Bengal and Gujarat. Indian artisans produced fine cotton textiles, and India exported a significant portion of these products worldwide. However, British colonial policies systematically dismantled Indian industries. The British introduced machine-made textiles in India, which were cheaper and more efficient. This made traditional handloom weaving uncompetitive, leading to the decline of indigenous industries. Additionally, the British imposed high tariffs on Indian textiles while allowing free imports of British goods, thereby undermining the local manufacturing sector.

2. Exploitation of Agriculture: British colonial policies also had a devastating impact on Indian agriculture. Under the British, India was turned into a supplier of raw materials for British industries. The British forced Indian farmers to grow cash crops like indigo, cotton, and opium, often at the _____ ______ __________ ________ _____ _________ _____ _________ _______.
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