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(i) Community Organizations Mobilised for Government Programmes – Kudumbashree, Kerala Kudumbashree is one of India's most successful community-based poverty alleviation projects, initiated in 1998 by the Government of Kerala under the State Poverty Eradication Mission (SPEM). The organization functions as a community network of women mobilized specifically to implement various state and centrally sponsored development programmes including the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), housing schemes, microfinance services, and welfare initiatives. Kudumbashree is structured into three tiers: Neighbourhood Groups (NHGs), Area Development Societies (ADSs), and Community Development Societies (CDSs), functioning at the ward, local government, and block levels respectively. Each NHG, consisting of 10–20 women, identifies local issues, accesses entitlements, and mobilizes community efforts for social development. Kudumbashree has played a crucial role in promoting women’s entrepreneurship, health, and sanitation programmes and has shown remarkable success during the COVID-19 pandemic by coordinating food distribution and health awareness campaigns. Kudumbashree exemplifies how the mobilization of grassroots women’s collectives under a government umbrella can lead to sustainable livelihoods, increased political participation, and improved access to welfare. The project integrates a rights-based approach with the developmental _________ _____ ___ ___ ___ _______ ____ ____ _________ _____ _____ ___.
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