The climate of an area includes seasonal temperature and rainfall averages, and wind patterns. Different places have different climates. A desert, for example, is referred to as an arid climate because little water falls, as rain or snow, during the year. Other types of climate include tropical climates, which are hot and humid, and temperate climates, which have warm summers and cooler winters. Climate change is the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place. Climate change may cause weather patterns to be less predictable. These unexpected weather patterns can make it difficult to maintain and grow crops in regions that rely on farming because expected temperature and rainfall levels can no longer be relied on. Climate change has also been connected with other damaging weather events such as more frequent and more intense hurricanes, floods, downpours, and winter storms. In polar regions, the warming global temperatures associated with climate change have meant ice sheets and glaciers are melting at an accelerated rate from season to season. This contributes to sea levels rising in different regions of the planet. Together with expanding ocean waters due to rising temperatures, the resulting rise in sea level has begun to damage coastlines as a result of increased flooding and erosion. The cause of current climate change is largely human activity, like burning fossil fuels, such as natural gas, oil, and coal. Burning these materials releases what are called greenhouse gases into Earth’s atmosphere. There, these gases trap heat from the sun’s rays inside the atmosphere causing Earth’s average temperature to rise. This rise in the planet's temperature is called global warming. The warming of the planet impacts local and regional climates. Throughout Earth's history, climate has continually changed. When occurring naturally, this is a slow process that has taken place over hundreds and thousands of years. The human influenced climate change that is happening now is occurring at a much faster rate.

1. How does this passage explain the term ‘climate change’?

2. Explain any two effects of climate change on weather patterns.

3. What is the cause of current climate change?

4. What is global warming? How is it caused?

5. According to this passage, how is “human influenced climate change” different from climate change that occurs naturally?

1. The passage explains the term 'climate change' as the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a specific location. It highlights that climate change can lead to less predictable weather patterns, making it challenging to rely on expected temperature and rainfall levels in various regions. The causes of climate change are linked to human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, which releases greenhouse gases into the Earth's atmosphere.

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