The certain item is manufactured by three factories, say 1, 2 and 3. It is known that 1 turns out twice as many items as 2 and that 2 and 3 turn out the same number of items (during a specified production period). It is also known that 2 percent of the items produced by 1 and 2 are defective while 4 percent of those manufactured by 3 are defective. All the items produced are put into one stock pile and then one item is chosen at random. The chosen item was found defective. What is the probability that it was produced in factory 1?
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A study about a population showed that the mobility of population of a state to a village, town and city is in the following percentages:
| From | To | ||
| Village | Town | City | |
| Village | 60 | 25 | 15 |
| Town | 10 | 70 | 20 |
| City | 10 | 30 | 60 |
State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answer with a short proof or a counter example:
i) Although in one-step transition probability matrix, ,P of a Markov chain the sum of each row must necessarily be unity but in higher order transition probability matrices, . This rule is not necessary.
ii) For the joint pdf of random variables (X,Y) given by:
iii) Let the r.v. X follows the negative exponential distribution with parameterThen
iv) One of the examples of non-Poisson queuing system is the (M / G (:)1/ ∞ (FIF0) queuing model.
v) be a random sample from
then maximum likelihood estimators o
Consider the following system considering of two switches I and II between two points A and B:
A signal is sent from the point A to point B and is received at B if both the switches I and II are closed. It is assumed that the probabilities of I and II being closed are 0.8 and 0.6 respectively and that P [II is closed | I is closed] = P [II is closed].
Find:
i) The probability that signal is received at B.
ii) The conditional probability that switch I was open, given that the signal was not received at B,
iii) The conditional probability that switch II was open, given that the signal was not received at B.
A community has two police cars, which operate independently of one another. The probability that a specific car will be available when needed is 0.99.
i) What is the probability that neither car is available when needed?
ii) What is the probability that a car is available when needed?
For the (M/M/K) : (∞ / FIF )0 queuing model with arrival rate λ and service rate per service channel µ, obtain the steady-state probability of n customers in the system, P . n Hence or otherwise, find the probability that an arrival has to wait.
What is the purpose of principal component analysis? Given the covariance matrix of order 2× ,2 explain how would you extract the principal components. Also, explain how would you find the proportion of total population variance for all the principal components.
Distinguish between ‘Age Replacement’ and ‘Block Replacement’ policies
Let the lifetimes Y1 ,Y2 ,...., are independently and identically distributed random variables and follows negative exponential distribution with parameter 5. If lifetimes T > 0 and age replacement policy is to be employed, then:
i) find the mean renewal time and
ii) find the long-run average cost per unit time, given the costs C1 4 = and C2 = 6units