Suppose an investor is concerned about a business choice in which there are three prospects. The probability and returns are given below :
| Probability | Returns |
| 0.4 | 100 |
| 0.3 | 30 |
| 0.3 | -30 |
What is the expected value of the uncertain investment? What is the variance?
To solve this, we need to calculate the expected value (mean) and variance of the investment. ### 1. Expected Value (E(X)) The expected value is the sum of the products of each possible return and its corresponding probability. \[ E(X) = \sum (P_i \times R_i) \] Where: - \( P_i \) is the probability of each return. - \( R_i \) is the return associated with ________ ______ __________ ____ ________ __________.
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vNM प्रत्याक्षित सिद्धांत
From the following pay-off matrix, where the payoffs (the negative values) are the years of possible imprisonment for individuals A and B, determine:
(i) The optimal strategy for each individual.
(ii) Do individuals A and B face a prisoner’s dilemma?
| Individual B | |||
| Individual A | Confess | Don’t Confess | |
| Confess | (-5, -5) | (-1, -10) | |
| Don’t Confess | (-10, -1) | (-2, -2) | |
Bergson-Samuelson Social welfare function
शेपर्ड गृहीत पद को परिभाषित कीजिए। मान लीजिए कि किसी उत्पादक का उत्पादन दिया गया है, जहाँ Q, L और K क्रमशः उत्पादन, श्रम तथा पूँजी को निरूपित करते हैं। यदि श्रम लागत ₹1 प्रति इकाई और पूँजी ₹2 है, तो साधनों (L,K) के न्यूनतम लागत संयोजन ज्ञात कीजिए।
बर्गसन-सैमुएलसन सामाजिक कल्याण फलन
There are two firms 1 and 2 in an industry, each producing output Q1 and Q2 respectively and facing the industry demand given by P=50-2Q, where P is the market price and Q represents the total industry output, that is Q= Q1 + Q2. Assume that the cost function is C = 10 + 2q. Solve for the Cournot equilibrium in such an industry
Do you agree that by paying higher than the minimum wage, employers can retain skilled workers, increase productivity, or ensure loyalty? Comment on the statement in the light of efficiency wage model.