State with reasons whether the following statements are True or False.
i) Rise time of a pulse is the time required for the amplitude to reach from 0% to 100% of the peak amplitude value.
ii) Standing wave ratio of a matched transmission line is zero.
iii) Amplitude modulation index for dc modulating signal is 100%.
iv) Multipoint communication system in telephony is more efficient than point-to-point communication.
v) Though audio frequency range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz, the telephone uses only 4 kHz bandwidth per channel, still the communication is audible.
vi) In superheterodyne receiver the local oscillator always operates at a fixed frequency.
vii) Bandwidth of video amplifier of the monochrome receiver is narrower than that in the case of colour video amplifier.
viii) Polarization discrimination technique doubles the bandwidth of the channel.
ix) Token ring protocol suffers with the data collision problem.
x) The compact structure of OSI model makes data transfer efficient as compared to TCP/IP model.
i) False. Rise time of a pulse is defined as the time taken by the amplitude to rise from 10% to 90% of its peak value, not from 0% to 100%, to avoid ambiguity due to noise and distortion at extreme levels. ii) False. For a perfectly matched transmission line, the standing wave ratio (SWR) is ____ ________ ______ _________ _________ ________ _________ _________ __________.
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