State whether the following statements are True or False. Give reason in support of your answer:

(a) Suppose A is the exposure and B is a confounding factor for outcome C, then there will be a path from A to C via B.

(b) Doing exercise may also be a regimen.

(c) In clinical trials, a control only may be: treatment or no treatment.

(d) In Greville’s method, the central death rate is more in the life table than the population.

(e) In a slope ratio assay, both regression lines have common slope.

(a) True. If B is a confounding factor, it can create a pathway from exposure (A) to the outcome (C), thereby introducing a bias. Confounding occurs when B influences both A __________ ________ _________ _____ ____ _____ __________.
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