State the assumptions of Hückel Molecular Orbital (HMO) theory for conjugated molecules. Derive expressions for the energy levels of ethylene using HMO.
Hückel Molecular Orbital (HMO) theory is a simplified approach used to describe the electronic structure of conjugated molecules, particularly hydrocarbons like ethylene, benzene, and butadiene. It is based on several assumptions to make the problem solvable:
1. Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO): The molecular orbitals are assumed to be linear combinations of atomic orbitals (AOs) of the atoms in the conjugated system.
2. π-Orbitals Only: Only the π-electrons (those involved in the bonding between adjacent atoms) are considered, and no consideration is given to σ-bonding electrons.
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