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Steroid hormones are lipophilic molecules derived from cholesterol and play a crucial role in regulating physiological processes. Their biosynthesis begins in endocrine glands such as the adrenal cortex, gonads, and placenta, where cholesterol undergoes enzymatic conversion to pregnenolone, the common precursor. Further enzymatic modifications, including hydroxylation, oxidation, and cleavage, yield specific steroid hormones such as cortisol, ___ _______ ______ ____ ____ __________ ___ __________ ___ ____ _____.
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