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Spectral signatures of common earth surface features are unique patterns of reflectance or absorption of electromagnetic radiation across different wavelengths. Every material on the Earth’s surface interacts differently with solar radiation, and this interaction is captured in the form of spectral curves when observed through remote sensing instruments. These signatures become essential in climate change assessment tools because they help in identifying, classifying, and monitoring land cover, vegetation health, soil moisture, and water bodies, all of which are critical for understanding environmental changes. Vegetation typically exhibits a distinct spectral signature due to chlorophyll absorption and internal leaf structure. In the visible region, plants strongly absorb _________ __________ ______ ______ _________ ____ __________ ________ _______ ______.
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