On what grounds Buddhism distinguished between universal and particular?
In Buddhism, the distinction between universal and particular is based on the concepts of ultimate truth (paramārtha-satya) and conventional truth (saṃvṛti-satya), respectively. Ultimate truth refers to the ultimate nature of reality that is beyond conceptual and linguistic designation, while conventional truth refers to the relative and conventional way of understanding reality that is based on concepts and language.
According to Buddhist philosophy, all phenomena are empty of inherent existence, which means that they do not possess any intrinsic nature or essence. Rather, they exist dependently on other phenomena and are therefore devoid of any independent existence. This is known as the doctrine of dependent origination (pratītya-samutpāda) and is considered to be the fundamental principle of Buddhism.
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