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In insects, the processes of moulting and metamorphosis are primarily regulated by two major hormones: ecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH). Ecdysone, also called the moulting hormone, is secreted by the prothoracic glands and is responsible for initiating the process of ecdysis or shedding of the old exoskeleton. Juvenile hormone, produced by the corpora allata, determines the nature of the moult, whether the insect will retain larval characteristics or proceed toward pupation and adult development. The interplay between these two hormones orchestrates the timing and pattern of development in insects. Moulting, or ecdysis, begins when the brain releases prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), which stimulates the prothoracic glands to secrete ecdysone. Ecdysone acts on the epidermal _______ _______ __________ _______ ____ ___.
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