Mention the contribution of Bharat or Matang in ancient Indian Music.

Bharata and Matanga are two key figures in the development of ancient Indian music, each contributing significantly to the theoretical foundation of Hindustani music.

Bharata Muni, an ancient scholar, is best known for his work, *Natyashastra*, which is one of the earliest and most important texts on dramaturgy, dance, and music in Indian culture. His contribution to music theory is immense, as *Natyashastra* lays down the principles of music, rhythm, and dance that formed the basis of classical arts in India. While the text primarily focuses on dramatic arts, it devotes a considerable portion to music, which at the time was inseparable from dance and drama. Bharata introduced the concept of *ragas* (musical scales) and *talas* (rhythmic cycles), which remain foundational in both Hindustani and Carnatic classical music today.

Bharata’s classification of sounds is especially significant. He ____ ______ ______ ______ ______.
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