In a locality, 100 persons were randomly selected and asked about their educational achievements. The results were as follows:

Can we say that education depends on sex at 5% level of significance?

To determine whether education depends on sex at a 5% level of significance, we can perform a chi-squared test of independence. The null hypothesis (H0) is that there is no association between education and sex, while the alternative hypothesis (H1) is that there is an association.

Let's calculate the expected frequencies for each cell assuming independence, then perform the chi-squared test:

1. Calculate the row and column totals.
2. Calculate the expected frequency for each cell using the formula: (row total * column total) / grand total.
3. Calculate the chi-squared statistic using the formula: Σ [(observed frequency - expected frequency)² / expected frequency].
4. Compare the obtained chi-squared value with the critical value at the 5% level of _____ _____ ______ ______ ___ _________ ___ __________ _____ ___.
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