Immediate causes of Post partum haemorrhage

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) refers to excessive bleeding following childbirth and is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide. It is defined as the loss of more than 500 ml of blood after a vaginal delivery or more than 1000 ml after a cesarean section. Postpartum hemorrhage can occur immediately or in the days following delivery, but the immediate causes are particularly critical in preventing life-threatening complications. These causes can be broadly categorized into four major factors: uterine atony, trauma, retained placental tissue, and coagulation disorders.

Uterine Atony is the most common cause of immediate postpartum hemorrhage, accounting for approximately 70-80% of all cases. The uterus, after childbirth, should contract to seal the blood vessels where the placenta was attached, thereby preventing excessive blood loss. However, if the uterus fails to contract effectively, the blood vessels remain ______ ___ ________ _________ ____ _____ ______ ____ ___ _____ _____.
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