Question

iDistinguish between any four of the following:

i. Income effect and substitution effect
ii. General equilibrium and partial equilibrium
iii. Demand and Demand function
iv. Independent and dependent variables
v. Consumption function and Investment function

11 Sep 2024
Answer :
Word Count : 997

i. Income Effect vs. Substitution Effect

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Top

Aspect

Income Effect

Substitution Effect

Definition

Change in quantity demanded of a good due to a change in consumer income while keeping prices constant.

Change in quantity demanded of a good due to a change in the price of that good relative to other goods.

Focus

Primarily concerned with the impact of changes in income on consumption.

Focuses on how changes in the price of a good influence the quantity demanded by making the good more or less attractive relative to alternatives.

Example

If income increases, a consumer may buy more of all goods, including luxury items.

If the price of coffee decreases, coffee becomes cheaper relative to tea, leading to increased consumption of coffee.

Impact on Budget

Affects the overall budget constraint by shifting the consumer’s income line.

Affects the slope of the budget constraint, changing the rate at which one good can be substituted for another.