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The technological gap model provides a significant explanation of the pattern of international trade by emphasizing the role of innovation, technological differences, and the diffusion of new knowledge across countries. This model argues that trade arises not merely due to differences in factor endowments, as highlighted by the traditional Heckscher-Ohlin framework, but because of disparities in technological capabilities and the time lag in the diffusion of innovations across nations. It stresses that countries at the technological frontier, which are able to innovate and adopt new production processes or products more quickly, tend to gain temporary advantages in international markets. The essence of the technological gap model lies in two concepts: innovation lag and imitation lag. Innovation lag refers to the time required by firms in technologically advanced countries to create new products or processes. Imitation lag, on the other hand, reflects the time taken by firms in less developed or technologically backward nations to absorb, adapt, and replicate these innovations. The trade pattern arises from the interaction of these two lags. When the innovation lag is shorter and the imitation lag longer, technologically advanced countries enjoy a comparative advantage in ________ _________ __________ __________ ____ _________ _______.
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