How does the nervous system change due to the negative effects of loneliness and social isolation? Discuss with the help of research evidence. Hint: Refer to online resources or any articles/books (offline) related to the topic. Please mention all the references at the end of the write-up. 

Loneliness and social isolation have profound effects on the nervous system, leading to both immediate and long-term consequences for mental and physical health. Research in biopsychology highlights the complex interplay between social relationships and brain function, showing how the lack of social interaction can alter brain structure and function. These negative effects are particularly marked in areas of the brain responsible for emotional regulation, stress response, and cognitive processes.

One of the key ways loneliness affects the nervous system is through the activation of the body’s stress response system. Chronic social isolation leads to increased levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which, over time, can impair brain function. Studies have demonstrated that individuals who experience loneliness show heightened cortisol responses to stressors. For example, a _______ _____ ______ ___ _______ ____.
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